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MacIntosh Forts
The MacIntosh Forts () are a group of seven observation posts built in Hong Kong between 1949 and 1953 at the border with China, to safeguard the border against illegal immigrants, when there was an influx of refugees from China due to political instability.〔(Antiquities and Monuments Office: Introduction to 1444 Historic Buildings )〕 The Forts were named after Hong Kong Police Commissioner Duncan William MacIntosh (in office, 1946-1953) who decided to build a chain of observation posts guarded day and night. They have been listed as Grade II historic buildings since 1997.〔(Brief Information on Proposed Grade II Items )〕
==Description==
The MacIntosh Forts were built along the Sham Chun River when an influx of Chinese refugees was followed by border incidents of armed clashes between the police and refugees.〔 Amongst the refugees were the defeated remnants of the Kuomintang Nationalist armies and also a "fair number of common criminals".〔(R.G. Horsnall, "The MacIntosh Cathedrals", in ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch'', Vol. 35, 1995, pp. 171-176 )〕 The Forts were built in reinforced concrete of the same style and of very similar design, which may be categorized as Modern Utilitarian.〔 Built on hilltops at strategic spots, with a view across the border, they were dubbed the ''Macintosh Cathedrals'' because of their distinctive appearance and outline against the skyline.〔 Six out of the seven Forts are now remotely controlled.〔 They are not open to public.〔(Legislative Council - Official Record of Proceedings, 6 December 2006, p. 101 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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